What system is formed by whole numbers and basic arithmetic operations?

The decimal system is the standard system for denoting integers and non-integer numbers. It is based on ten distinct symbols (0-9) and is utilized in mathematics for basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Whole numbers are the zeros and positive integers that can be represented within this system.

Its foundational role in everyday mathematics and the way we approach calculations makes it essential for anyone studying basic arithmetic. The decimal system's structure allows for efficient computations since it is widely taught and used globally, making it the default number system in most contexts.

In contrast, other systems like the binary system, which uses only two digits (0 and 1), or the octal system, which employs eight digits (0-7), limit the representation of numbers. The Roman numeral system, while historical and interesting, does not efficiently handle operations like addition or multiplication in the way the decimal system does. Hence, the choice of the decimal system is appropriate when discussing whole numbers and arithmetic operations.